
Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy by William Christopher Barrett (1913-92) introduced existentialism to the English speaking world. He defines terms & gives the background on philosophical terms & concepts, aiming at general readers. The need for a native English speaker to write a text on existentialist philosophy was paramount for its understanding, since most primary philosophers in this movement weren't native English speakers. While Kierkegaard's works had been translated decades earlier, the full impact of existential philosophy hadn't yet been felt in the English speaking world when this book was produced. Being & Nothingness had been available in English for only a couple of years, Kaufmann's Thus Spoke Zarathustra translation had been out only a few more & Being & Time hadn't yet been translated. In the four parts of the book, Barrett briefly explains the philosophical tradition to which existentialism reacted & then its main concepts. Part 1: The Present Age--shows the impact that existentialism has had on culture even without being a widely known philosophical school of thought. Part 2: Sources of Existentialism--traces the development of philosophy as it pertains to being, ontology & metaphysics. This serves to show the contrast between existentialist thought & other forms of philosophy. Part 3: The Existentialists--Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger & Sartre are introduced along with their thinking & terminology.
Another good one is Irrational Man by William Barrett. The only truly comprehensive look at existentialism I've read.
It is very intense to read Camus straight, so I usually alternate it with something more optimistic or at least humorous. If I'm going to face the absurdity of existence as a mortal human being, I at least need a laugh or two on the way.
I remember William Barret's "Irrational Man" being a pretty good overview of existentialist thought.
This is will largely be ignored on this tread, but The Bible is a source of philosophical thought for millions of people. You can get a clear picture of the central theme by reading the book of John.
