
E.g. for me the defining text is Jakob Nielsen's “Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity,” which probably didn't lose any value in the time since publication, because humans don't change so fast.
P.S. I'm also of firm belief that the proximity principle is by far the most important tool of graphic design and that everyone should learn to see and use it. To, ahem, not make diagrams where everything is lumped together.
(I'm a backend coder, by the way.)
As for web typography, you want to check of the latest generation of font embedding because that's where the real magic's at. The most known web font solutions are: CSS3 (font-face), typeface.js, cufon, flir, sifr, Google Font API, Typekit.
Here's a list of quality books on design and typography:
A History of Graphic Design
Before & After Page Design
Designing Brand Identity
Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things
Graphic Design Solutions
How Designers Think
Information Dashboard Design: The Effective Visual Communication of Data
Making and Breaking the Grid: A Graphic Design Layout Workshop
The Complete Manual of Typography
The Designer's Guide to Color Combinations
The Elements of Graphic Design: Space, Unity, Page Architecture, and Type
The Elements of Typographic Style
The New Typography
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information
Thinking with Type: A Primer for Designers
Typography Workbook: A Real-World Guide to Using Type in Graphic Design
Books on web design: About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design
Ambient Findability: What We Find Changes Who We Become
Bulletproof Web Design
Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide
Designing Web Usability
Designing With Web Standards
Designing the Obvious: A Common Sense Approach to Web Application Design
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability
Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites
Information Architecture: Blueprints for the Web
Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction
Rocket Surgery Made Easy: The Do-It-Yourself Guide to Finding and Fixing Usability Problems
The Essential Guide to User Interface Design
The Inmates Are Running the Asylum
Thoughtful Interaction Design: A Design Perspective on Information Technology
Web Form Design: Filling in the BlanksDesigning Web Usability would be a good start - http://www.useit.com/jakob/webusability/
And Homepage Usability is good for screenshots with examples - http://www.useit.com/homepageusability/
I would take what he says with a pinch of salt at times, as he can be very metric based. Sometimes it helps when to know to bend the rules. I remember for years he was very strict about hyperlink colours insisting that they should always be blue for unvisited and purple for visited.
E.g.
"Usability of Intranet Portals A Report from the Trenches: Experiences From Real-Life Portal Projects 3rd Edition 343 pages PDF format
$348 for a single report, $698 for the report and a site license to make copies within your organization and place on your intranet. (No shipping/handling fees will be added: it's a download.)"
The parenthetical statement is hilarious. Site Licenses for books are hilarious.
I think he was on point with a lot of stuff, but I've been a bit jaded ever since!
Now it seems I must scroll forever and there are no discernible anchors to link to. When studying web design in the early aughts the popular Nielson book ("Designing Web Usability") argued for separate pages over a lot of scrolling. For informational sites I think that approach is superior.