
I'm not sure I follow that as it's most important property. I'm not sure if division could even be defined as an operation that undoes multiplication.
Number theory, fields, and rings I believe make it clear while subtraction and addition can be viewed as the same function; multiplication and division cannot.
Apologize if that's not clear as to why that is; it's been a while since I read up on those being defined.
However I recommend One, Two, Three: Absolutely Elementary Mathematics by David Berlinski that gives in my opinion pretty good layman understanding of these nuances and number theory.
Often gets low ratings because people mistake it for an educational book. It’s a mix of history, biographies and verbal exposition on the development of mathematical theorems, with a good poetic slant. Reminds me I really need to look into his other books, his writing is scarily good.