and one last general tip: categories are simultaneous generalizations of monoids and posets, so whenever you don't understand something, try working it out in the cases where there's only one object (= monoid) or when there's at most one arrow between a pair of objects (= poset)
But claiming a technique is a bridge between disparate areas of mathematics and then subsequently failing to give concrete examples of such bridging is a bit odd, dont you think?
For what its worth the book "7 sketches in compositionality" (https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05316) has a chapter on topos theory which provides a good introduction with some simple examples!
[1] https://topos.site/ [2] https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05316
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[1] https://math.mit.edu/~dspivak/teaching/sp18/7Sketches.pdf