
This book contains comprehensive, up-to-date, and authoritative technical information on the internal structure of the FreeBSD open-source operating system. Coverage includes the capabilities of the system; how to effectively and efficiently interface to the system; how to maintain, tune, and configure the operating system; and how to extend and enhance the system. The authors provide a concise overview of FreeBSD's design and implementation. Then, while explaining key design decisions, they detail the concepts, data structures, and algorithms used in implementing the systems facilities. As a result, this book can be used as an operating systems textbook, a practical reference, or an in-depth study of a contemporary, portable, open-source operating system. -- Provided by publisher.
Regarding guides specifically, FreeBSD has exceptional resources:
FreeBSD Handbook[0]
FreeBSD Porter's Handbook[1]
FreeBSD Developers' Handbook[2]
The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System[3]
Not to mention that the FreeBSD man pages are quite complete. Granted, I am biased as I have used FreeBSD in various efforts for quite some time and am a fan of it. Still and all, the project's documentation is a gold standard IMHO.0 - https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/
1 - https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/porters-handbook/
2 - https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/developers-handbook/
3 - https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Design_and_Implemen...
OSTEP, linked elsewhere in the thread is good, too.
Beyond that, if you want a more academic read it's good to read up on some other architectures. This paper on the history of the L4 microkernel family is a really good discussion of the design decisions and evolution of that system that gets into some classic OS issues: https://trustworthy.systems/publications/nicta_full_text/898...
Other kernel designs worthy of interest are exokernels and unikernels. Also with regard to systems design I've always liked "end-to-end arguments to system design" (https://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoe...) and another paper on the duality of OS structures (http://occs.oberlin.edu/~ctaylor/classes/341F2012/lauer78.pd...)