
From the Preface... I have never met a person who is not interested in language. I wrote this book to try to satisfy that curiosity. Language is beginning to submit to that uniquely satisfying kind of understanding that we call science, but the news has been kept a secret. For the language lover, I hope to show that there is a world of elegance and richness in quotidian speech that far outshines the local curiosities of etymologies, unusual words, and fine points of usage. For the reader of popular science, I hope to explain what is behind the recent discoveries (or, in many cases, nondiscoveries) reported in the press: universal deep structures, brainy babies, grammar genes, artifically intelligent computers, neural networks, signing chimps, talking Neanderthals, idiot savants, feral children, paradoxical brain damage, identical twins separated at birth, color pictures of the thinking brain, and the search for the mother of all languages. I also hope to answer many natural questions about languages, like why there are so many of them, why they are so hard for adults to learn, and why no one seems to know the plural of Walkman.
Here are some key resources on language psychology and acquisition:
1. "Language in Mind: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics" by Julie Sedivy - Covers basic concepts and neural basis of language
2. "The Language Instinct" by Steven Pinker - Classic work on language acquisition and development
3. "Foundations of Bilingual Memory" by Heredia & Altarriba - Explains why early exposure shapes sound perception abilities
Writing system changes mainly affect literacy, less so speech. The brain processes spoken and written language somewhat separately.
For deeper research, look up "phonological acquisition" and "critical period hypothesis" in scientific journals.
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Would appreciate human input on these topics as well. Thanks.
If you'd like a more detailed and in-depth summary of language and its relationship to cognition, I highly recommend Pinker's The Language Instinct, both for the subject and as perhaps the best piece of popular science writing ever.
There is a fairly interesting read from Steven Pinker: "The language instinct" about this topic.
The easy solution has always been to say "Nature? Nurture? It's a bit of both". But really, that invites the response: "Both nature and nurture? Sure. Of course. But both of them in what way?"
In the case of language it's really interesting. It seems that biologically, we are very very strongly primed to learn language ("nature"). And to learn it in certain ways and at certain life stages.
But of course, at the same, the language or languages that we learn are incredibly diverse, and these differences do not map in any way to the physical differences between our bodies ("nurture").
So, in the case of human language, that's "the how" for how nature and nurture come together. Maybe it applies to other areas too where the nature/nurture debate still rages.
2. Children will learn colors and shapes just fine without explicit instruction. They do it all the time. In the pre-developed world, children didn't get taught how to speak. There were no flash cards or toys for learning numbers. They just learned by observing.
3. Letters is something else. The orthography of a language -- learning how to write it -- is a different beast from learning how to speak it. Education is necessary here. So we agree about that, for sure. No one will passively acquire how to write.
4. Children make errors in production all the time. As they learn a language they make generalizations -- generalizations that actually make sense, like "mines" -- but which are considered "wrong" by adult speakers. They'll correct themselves over time without instruction.
You might want to check out reading Steven Pinker's "The Language Instinct," it has a lot of ideas and research that might be new to you.
