I read a fun book that explored this possibility, “Kingdom of the Wicked” by Helen Dale.
In the story, the Romans have somehow stumbled upon the industrial revolution at the height of the republic, the consequences are fascinating. Very good read.
The author, Helen Dale, also wrote a very interesting book called Kingdom of the Wicked, in which the ancient Romans experience an Industrial Revolution and have approximately modern levels of technology when Jesus shows up: https://jakeseliger.com/2017/12/28/kingdom-of-the-wicked-boo....
You might enjoy the alternate history novel "Kingdom of the Wicked" by Helen Dale. It takes place in the Roman Empire where the industrial revolution arrived 2000 years early partly due to abolishing slavery.
The quasi-religious stuff in Burgess gets old fast, but boy, the man could write. His best novels are linguistic powerhouse rollercoasters, and they stand up well to repeat readings.
The Long Day Wanes trilogi and Kingdom Of The Wicked are among my personal favourites.