
Mathematics is a science of rare mystery, created by great mathematicians who can at times seem like master magicians. This book opens up the world of mathematics to a wide and diverse audience of history, science, math, and general interest readers.
One book that I can't recommend more highly is William Dunham's "Journey Through Genius". He picks ten or so the greatest proofs in math over the centuries, then proceeds to give you all the historical background about why they were created, who created them, etc, and then proceeds to give the full details of the proofs themselves. Including showing places the proof is considered wrong by modern standards.
It's my favorite "semi-pop-math" book, I highly recommend it.
For a really good example of integrating the history along with the mathematics, and much more accessible than those math texts, I would recommend "Journey Through Genius" by Dunham[0]. It may be a little dated (published in 1990) and its focus is limited to algebra, geometry, number theory, and the history is perhaps too Western-biased, but it's good and it's short. Its material would make a solid foundation to build on top of because, in addition to the historical context, it shows a lot of the thought process into approaching certain landmark problems.
What this book did was place mathematics in human and historical context. It starts with Hippocrates' Quadrature of the Lune, then moves on to Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean theorem, and moves along through history all the way down to Euler and Cantor.
I've always thought that the book's format or method is the best way to teach mathematics in a general sense. It beats the rote practice of formulae out of context, and it simultaneously teaches the history of mathematics and science. I'm always gifting parents of school-age children copies of this book.
Edit: I clicked though and I see that (for me) William Dunham is actually the author of the first article in the list.