
Scientific progress depends on good research, and good research needs good statistics. But statistical analysis is tricky to get right, even for the best and brightest of us. You'd be surprised how many scientists are doing it wrong. Statistics Done Wrong is a pithy, essential guide to statistical blunders in modern science that will show you how to keep your research blunder-free. You'll examine embarrassing errors and omissions in recent research, learn about the misconceptions and scientific politics that allow these mistakes to happen, and begin your quest to reform the way you and your peers do statistics. You'll find advice on: • Asking the right question, designing the right experiment, choosing the right statistical analysis, and sticking to the plan • How to think about p values, significance, insignificance, confidence intervals, and regression • Choosing the right sample size and avoiding false positives • Reporting your analysis and publishing your data and source code • Procedures to follow, precautions to take, and analytical software that can help Scientists: Read this concise, powerful guide to help you produce statistically sound research. Statisticians: Give this book to everyone you know. The first step toward statistics done right is Statistics Done Wrong.
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Research that has been further filtered onto your favorite infotainment coffee-table-science column further suffers from the 'eigonvalue' problem. I think assuming intentional fraud is excessive for a default position, but complete trust of any document formatted with Latex because "it's science" is probably worse.
It's not focused on data science specifically. But it's short, sweet, and just might leave you better prepared to tell whether the emperor is wearing actual clothes, or if it's just an artfully arranged assemblage of TensorFlow operators.
[1] Statistics Done Wrong: The Woefully Complete Guide https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593276206/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_i_u....
Depending on what proportion of "Version B" ideas are truly effective, your false positive rate (what the author is concerned about) will be very far away from 5% or 1%.
At the 95 threshold (p-value of 0.05) you could have that >50% of what you identified as an "effective" version are not really effective (false positive). This is a good article to build the intuition around it: https://www.statisticsdonewrong.com/p-value.html
In the end it will also depend on how costly it is to have a false negative. The author hints that in this case is very costly.