
This text covers most of the standard topics in multivariate calculus and part of a standard first course in linear algebra. It focuses on underlying ideas, integrates theory and applications, offers a host of pedagogical aids, and features coverage of differential forms and an emphasis on numerical methods to prepare students for modern applications of mathematics. *Covers important material that is usually omitted. *Presents more difficult and longer proofs (e.g. Proofs of the Kantorovitch theorem, the implicit function theorem) in an appendix. *Makes a careful distinction between vectors and points. *Features an innovative approach to the implicit function theorem and inverse function theorem using Newton's method. *Always emphasizes the underlying meaning - what is really going on (generally, with a geometric interpretation) - eg. The chain rule is a composition of linear transformations; the point of the implicit function theorem is to guarantee that under certain circumstances, non-linear equations have solutions. *Integrates theory and applications. *Begins most chapters with a treatment of a linear problem and then shows how the 7 methods apply to corresponding non-linear p
1. Spivak's Calculus
2. Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Differential Forms: A Unified Approach by Hubbard and Hubbard
It's a rigorous but chatty textbook in the style of Spivak but written by someone who is sensitive to applied maths. I would not have survived my astrophysics classes without it.
(Not to mention it's where I first saw this really intuitive way of doing matrix multiplication: https://blogs.ams.org/mathgradblog/2015/10/19/matrix-multipl...)
* Basic Mathematics by Lang. Covers basic algebra and geometry at high school level.
Then one of these two, depending on your interests, or both:
* Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra and Differential Forms by Hubbard and Hubbard. Takes you through linear algebra, single-variable calculus and multiple variable calculus. Analysis is discussed in an appendix. All proofs have a constructive bias, so it's very algorithmic and natural for a CS-minded student. Solutions are in a separate volume.
* Program = Proof by Mimram. Discusses logic and computation, and takes you from the basics to depedent type theory and beyond. Uses OCaml and Agda. Freely available at: https://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/Labo/Samuel.Mimram/teaching...
https://www.amazon.com/Vector-Calculus-Linear-Algebra-Differ...
It is the only book (I know of) that brings you from absolute basics to an integrated development of the subjects from its title. And that integrated developments actually leads to a good didactic method.
The search function will show you many comments on HN recommending it.
I own Spivak's Calculus (which is a great book), but if you are not interested in the pure math side or you just don't want to grind a 700 page tome I recommend Calculus made easy. Contrary to the title and the small size of this book, it's an amazing and intuitive. When I read Calculus Made Easy I also read Infinite powers by Steven Strogratz they complete each other very well.
I have a copy of "The Art of Probability: For Scientists and Engineers" by Hamming it's a really good book.
If you are interested in Bayesian probability, machine learning or information theory I recommend "Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms" by MacKay it's an amazing book. It's available as in PDF format on the author's website.