
This text is an outgrowth of notes prepared by J. Y. Girard for a course at the University of Paris VII. It deals with the mathematical background of the application to computer science of aspects of logic (namely the correspondence between proposition & types). Combined with the conceptual perspectives of Girard's ideas, this sheds light on both the traditional logic material & its prospective applications to computer science. The book covers a very active & exciting research area, & it will be essential reading for all those working in logic & computer science.
Particularly entertaining is his 'A pure waste of paper' (Appendix A of 'LOCUS SOLUM') (https://girard.perso.math.cnrs.fr/0.pdf). I could flip to a random page of his 'appendix' and just sink in.
A fine introductory work of his to the subject would be 'PROOFS AND TYPES' (https://people.mpi-sws.org/~dreyer/ats/papers/girard.pdf).
ML for the Working Programmer is written by Paulson, one of the main persons behind Isabelle, and ends up with a prover project: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~lp15/MLbook/
Paulson teaches an undergrad course in Cambridge which is now using Huth & Ryan as a textbook. It's an incredible book that focuses on logic, SAT solvers and model checking. Probably the place to begin. An incomplete draft 2nd edition is in the authors website: ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/authors/M.D.Ryan/tmp/Anongporn/Ch1+3.pdf
If you are interested in tableaux techniques, First-order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving by Fitting is a good text.
Personally, I think the place to start from is Huth & Ryan. Logic is the calculus of CS. Then progress to type theory using a book like TAPL by Pierce or Proofs and Types by Girard.
Then, depending on your interests, you can proceed to model checking, program analysis and theorem proving. For the first two, the classics are Katoen and Nielson & Nielson, respectively.
One outcome of that attention was a nice and blazingly fast for an FPL called Clean which offered a more modern Haskell/MLish syntax. Actually came across this previous discussion while searching for a link: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15937597