
This book was written for statisticians, computer scientists, geographers, researchers, and others interested in visualizing data. It presents a unique foundation for producing almost every quantitative graphic found in scientific journals, newspapers, statistical packages, and data visualization systems. While the tangible results of this work have been several visualization software libraries, this book focuses on the deep structures involved in producing quantitative graphics from data. What are the rules that underlie the production of pie charts, bar charts, scatterplots, function plots, maps, mosaics, and radar charts? Those less interested in the theoretical and mathematical foundations can still get a sense of the richness and structure of the system by examining the numerous and often unique color graphics it can produce. The second edition is almost twice the size of the original, with six new chapters and substantial revision. Much of the added material makes this book suitable for survey courses in visualization and statistical graphics. From reviews of the first edition: "Destined to become a landmark in statistical graphics, this book provides a formal description of graphics, particularly static graphics, playing much the same role for graphics as probability theory played for statistics." Journal of the American Statistical Association "Wilkinson’s careful scholarship shows around every corner.
There has been excellent work on taxonomies for data visualization. Tamara Munzner's book "Visualization Analysis and Design" is a good starting point.
There has been excellent work on identifying "dimensions" or properties of data visualization. Lee Wilkinson's "Grammar of Graphics" is a landmark. You could search backward to find Bertin's Semiology of Graphics, or forward to find ongoing work like UW's Vega https://idl.cs.washington.edu/papers/vega-lite/
Some of this work might somewhat capture the properties of a periodic table to organize a catalog and even support further discovery.
If weren't for the 2d/3d limitation, would have gone with https://flowingdata.com/2019/10/08/visualization-gifs-imagem... instead of the stata-mation stuff.
* Chart types :
* latex-cookbook.net : https://latex-cookbook.net/
* ggplot2 gallery : https://exts.ggplot2.tidyverse.org/gallery/ https://plotnine.readthedocs.io/en/stable/gallery.html
* "ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis" : https://ggplot2-book.org/
* Rstudio gallery : https://community.rstudio.com/c/table-gallery/64
* https://flowingdata.com/chart-types/ && https://flowingdata.com/category/tutorials/
* https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StatisticalVisualization.html
** xkcd like stuff: ** food for thought : https://flowingdata.com/2016/12/12/calories-in-fast-food-menu-items/
** heat map in excell : https://flowingdata.com/2020/09/29/how-to-make-a-heatmap-in-excel/
** juggling the statistics : https://flowingdata.com/2015/12/15/a-day-in-the-life-of-americans/
** https://flowingdata.com/category/projects/data-underload/
** xkcd NLP approach : ** https://flowingdata.com/famous-movie-quotes-as-charts/
** https://flowingdata.com/2010/05/26/famous-science-fiction-quotes-in-graph-form/
** http://www.visguy.com/2010/05/27/sci-fi-movie-quotes-visualized/
** General composibility techniques with examples: ** "The Grammar of Graphics" by Leland Wilkinson
** R for Data Science : https://r4ds.had.co.nz/data-visualisation.html
** "Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics" : https://book.flowingdata.com/
** Flowing data : https://flowingdata.com/2020/09/08/telling-stories-in-visual-data-driven-essays/The Visual Display of Quantitative Information - Edward Tufte
The Grammar of Graphics - Leland Wilkinson
FlowingData's guides - https://flowingdata.com/category/guides/
But from your list I gather that you're more interested in the visual design of things (colour schemes, fonts etc); if that's the case you can search for resources on visual/graphic design which I don't know too much about. I can say that the choice of fonts and colours is a small part of data visualisation - very few basic princpiples, using a tool with good defaults and some common sense get you a very long way. The bigger part is deciding which parts of your dataset to communicate in what way and the resources that I mentioned are pretty good at teaching you that.
The 10X was not just that it made it easier and faster to make exceptionally beautiful plots. Rather it was that it made me realize for the first time that software was, fundamentally, about an implementation of ideas. That the underlying idea, together with how well it's communicated through the API design and documentation, really matters. Reading Wilkinson's description of the grammar of graphics, and then seeing that translated to a code library... That was amazing. It defined what I think software is, as someone who was new to the world coming from an engineering background where coding was just an easy way to do linear algebra.