
Have you ever seen something that wasn't really there? Heard someone call your name in an empty house? Sensed someone following you and turned around to find nothing?
You can think of it like a bunch of different subsystems responsible for different kinds of tasks and some of them can be broken so the connections between them don't work.
Read Hallucinations by Oliver Sacks for a lot of case studies.
Tons of examples, but one that many musicians with partially lost vision experienced those missing parts of their vision randomly replaced by sheet music. Stare at sheet music your whole life, and your brain starts to predict sheet music anywhere. But when they tried to play the music, it didn't make sense.
For those with complete loss of vision, the hallucinations became immersive, featuring complete scenes with people and events.
Though you wouldn't know if from TFA, Sacks was also a life-long enthusiast of mind-altering substances[0]. His 2012 Hallucinations[1] inquires into the etiology and social and phenomenal aspects of its subject by examining cases from his patients and from his own recreational episodes and is a completely fascinating read!
0: See, for example, https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915224016/neurologist-oliver-...
I hold the belief that proprioception is more than a sense, but rather, part of what makes us conscious as it requires a sense of 'I'. Toddlers are able to identify themselves in mirrors, and it is usually preceded by movements, and identifying that "the mirrored human performs the same movements as I do", which requires some form of proprioception.
Oliver Sacks talks a lot about other senses beyond those covered in school. I can recommend "The man who mistook his wife for a hat", "Hallucinations", and "Awakenings".
"Mr. Bloomfield's Orchard" - a fun book about fungi from a mycologist with a solid sense of humor.
"On the Move" - Oliver Sacks's biography. Insightful and uplifting, especially if you enjoy writing.
"Ready Player One" - a dystopian cyber thriller. Reminded me of Snow Crash. Good stuff.
"The Last Place on Earth" - a good (if labored) summary of the races to the north and south poles and their geopolitical impacts.
"Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" - been on my list for years. Long but good.
"Steve Jobs" - needs no introduction. Got me interested in Isaacson's other books.
"Hallucinations" (Oliver Sacks) - insightful analysis of the prevalence and for-reaching effects of hallucination. It's a lot more common (and puzzling) than most of us realize.