CNN
3 HN mentions · mentioned in 3 months, 2019–2026
0:27 · 663K views · Mar 31, 2016
A CNN clip from February 2002 of Donald Rumsfeld explaining the idea of known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns at a press briefing.
HN links it as the original footage of the famous framing of knowledge and ignorance.
3 comments from Hacker News
As a military officer who was watching CNN live from inside an aircraft carrier (moored) when he said that, being in charge of anti-terrorism on the ship at the time, it was absolutely foundational to my approach to so many things after that. Here's the actual footage: this video Rumsfeld was complicated, but there's no doubt he was very effective at leading the Department. I think most people fail to realize how sophisticated the Office of the Secretary of Defense is. Their resources reel the mind, most of all the human capital, many with PhDs, many very savvy political operators with stunning operational experiences. As a small example, as I recall, Google's hallowed SRE system was developed by an engineer who had come up through the ranks of Navy nuclear power. That's but one small component reporting into OSD. Not a Rumsfeld apologist, by any means. Errol Morris did a good job showing the man for who he is, and it's not pretty (1). But reading HN comments opining about the leadership qualities of Navy fighter pilot who was both the youngest and oldest SECDEF makes me realize how the Internet gives people into a Dunning-Kruger situation the likes of which humanity has never seen before. [LINK]
What is a sensitive question? Not the examples provided. Here’s an alternative. Former Secretary of Defense for two presidents Donald Rumsfeld once framed (brilliantly actually) the possible things we know. ... there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know [1] A while after someone (which I can’t trace back) made an interesting (and equally brilliant) observation - there is a fourth option - unknown knowns - that is, things we don’t know we know. In most cases, that person pointed out, the category contains, things we actually know, but prefer to pretend that we don’t. So, what is a sensitive question? A sensitive question is one for which the answer is an unknown known. The cost of asking such a question in American society (and, obviously in SV) is dear. Avoiding them is free. Ask carefully. [1] this video
... And here's the first three orders mentioned in a famously quoted press conference from 2002: this video