
The great American novel Moby-Dick is a psychological document which, like a dream, needs interpretation and elaboration of its images for its meaning to emerge fully. The subtitle of this work underscores the correspondence between Melville's deep internal struggle and the hidden complexities within us all.
Homer's epics feature human heroes who converse with divine beings. 'Moby-Dick' doesn't have that, but the overall atmosphere is mystical enough that I see it that way.
The Pequod is both a commercial vessel and a representation of the American national system. The sea is described as a geographical space, yet also as a universe beyond human comprehension.
There's no question that Mark Twain is a great author representing America. But if I had to choose one mythic work in American literature that corresponds to Homer, I would choose Herman Melville's 'Moby-Dick'.
Intruder in the Dust, the best of William Faulkner's "young adult" novels. The short story collection Knight's Gambit is also well worth a look.
Who else? Melville's Moby Dick blew me away a bit like that too. And Joyce. And Goethe.
(While on this topic, I will add that the single novel to have most shaken my soul is Melville’s Moby Dick. That novel brought me great comfort while also shattering me in many ways, what a work it is)
Two other great examples:
William Gibson's Neuromancer: "The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel."
Herman Melville's Moby Dick: "Call me Ishmael."
Neither strictly tells the reader what the books are about, but they're great hooks.