
I found this book (again) after reading an excerpt written by H. L. Gold, who describes this book: All this and much more I got from an overwhelming kind of book published by Simon & Schuster. The name of it is The World of Mathematics and it comes in four volumes, boxed, more that 2,500 stunning pages. Besides chapters on every sort of math proper, there are biographies of the greatest mathematicians, from Ah-mosé, the Egyptian scribe, to the present day - the flyleaf of the book says "To Einstein," but it goes beyond him. If time travel existed, I can think of few worthier, or more predictably successful uses, than to send this book back half a century to the lonely, unloved genius of Madras. The world would benefit beyond imagination...
It also doesn’t discuss the mathematics itself in much depth; it more connects topics and has references (plenty of them) for those who want to learn about those topics.
“The World of Mathematics” by J.R. Newman isn’t a history, but more a sample of pure and, mostly, applied (“How to hunt a submarine” is the title of a chapter on operations research) mathematics.
I think it is worth mentioning, though, certainly for “tourists” who aren’t aiming for full coverage of the subject, but just want to visit nice viewpoints.
Also, I think it’s quite readable for non-mathematicians, as it doesn’t do much ‘real’ math (Stillwell's _Mathematics and its History_, mentioned elsewhere, has more of that in its first 25 pages than this 1000+ page work), and its chapters can be read in isolation.
What Is Mathematics? by Richard Courant and Herbert Robbins published in 1941. One of the most beginner friendly yet rigorous books out there for a survey of many areas in mathematics.
You can find hundreds of gems here from erstwhile Soviet Union - https://mirtitles.org/