
o Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines --- Minsky
o The Art Of Computer Programming --- Knuth
o Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs --- Abelson and Sussman
In that order. Everything else is syntactic sugar. <g>
Highly recommend Minsky's application of the theory on computation: Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines
Interestingly, Minsky went out of his way to hide the production of that project without Weiner to avoid his influence on it--whom he disliked at least at a professional capacity.
There's some part where he shows the symmetry of the machine with the environment implies they are are interchangeable and is merely a description of convenience. Of course this trivially flows from the time reversibility.
"Communication with Alien Intelligence" is another favorite of mine. The idea of enumerating all possible Turing Machines and looking for ones that do something meaningful is brilliant.
Introduction to Algorithms, by Thomas H. Cormen
The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth [naturally!]
Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, by Marvin L. Minsky
Godel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter