
Game theory is the study of how people play games. What is the proper strategy to employ when the game situation is in constant flux and other players are forming different strategies? Since 1944, game theory has been applied to a variety of situations including economics, politics, philosophy, social psychology, and biology. This book serves as an introduction to game theory and requires no more math skills tha basic algebra.
A great introduction.
Game Theory and Strategy by Philip D. Straffin
http://www.amazon.com/Strategy-Mathematical-Association-Amer...
is a classic introductory text that lights up interest in game theory in many readers.
Game Theory: A Very Short Introduction by Ken Binmore
http://www.amazon.com/Game-Theory-Short-Introduction-Introdu...
is a good follow-up to Straffin's book.
In the first book the earth is attacked by Von Neumann probes launched preemptively by a civilization that wants to destroy potential agressors before they develop the technology to become a risk. The "benefactor" civilization group organises rescue and counter-assaults as a means of pan-civilisation trust building. The second book looks at the ethics of destroying a civ based on decisions it may have taken in its distant past.
Anvil has something of a young adult style, but the game theory and strategy elements are quite satisfying I think.