Empire of AI
When AI expert and investigative journalist Karen Hao first began covering OpenAI in 2019, she thought they were the good guys. Founded as a nonprofit with safety enshrined as its core mission, the organization was meant, its leader Sam Altman told us, to act as a check against more purely mercantile, and potentially dangerous, forces. What could go wrong? Over time, Hao began to wrestle ever more deeply with that question. Increasingly, she realized that the core truth of this massively disruptive sector is that its vision of success requires an almost unprecedented amount of resources: the “compute” power of high-end chips and the processing capacity to create massive large language models, the sheer volume of data that needs to be amassed at scale, the humans “cleaning up” that data for sweatshop wages throughout the Global South, and a truly alarming spike in the usage of energy and water underlying it all. The truth is that we have entered a new and ominous age of empire: only a small handful of globally scaled companies can even enter the field of play. At the head of the pack with its ChatGPT breakthrough, how would OpenAI resist such temptations? Spoiler alert: it didn’t. Armed with Microsoft’s billions, OpenAI is setting a breakneck pace, chased by a small group of the most valuable companies in human history—toward what end, not even they can define.
Stats for nerds
13recommend
37mentions
32people
2025–2026years
38% recommend43% neutral19% critical
Mentions per year
What Hacker News says
- The point at hand is concerning the use of the word "colonialism" in reference to issues of this nature, not providing you with a reference sheet for your convenience. There are plenty of books and articles available to satisfy your desire for citations[0], though honestly I think any degree of awareness around historic patterns of the interactions between (primarily) Western Europe (and the US) and the Global South would suggest that such assertions are at the very least plausibly credible.
[0] I might point you to Karen Hao's "Empire of AI". Leaving aside the author's intent, there are some chapters in the latter parts of the book replete with references to such events.
- Heard good things of Empire of AI By Karen Hao
- You need to read Empire of AI by Karen Hao. Just because these leaders convince their workers to toil away their lives under some fake auspice doesn't mean it's what they all believe. Just a small subset.
The vast majority just care about money + power, let's not make it more complicated by bringing in delusional fanatics into the picture.
We're still acting like this is major turning point in society when these tools can barely find a market outside of turning $5 into $1, the leaders of these companies are now at the stage where they are trying to orchestra a national bailout under the guise of sovereign wealth fund lunacy when the vast majority of society hates these tools, companies, and people working for them.
- If you want to read more about how unsavory aspects of AI-training are off-loaded onto poor workers in third-world countries, would recommend Karen Hao's "Empire of AI". These workers are paid pennies an hour for unstable jobs that expose them to some horrific material.
- I love these kind of books, some recommendations:
Tech-specific (more like Careless People):
- Empire of AI: tells the story of how the massive AI labs started and became as big as they are with a focus on OpenAI, provides new insight into the coup that outed Altman a couple years ago
- Number Go Up: digs into the crypto culture and scams with novel insight into Tether
- Bad Blood: a classic about Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes and how far a technologically impossible startup can go
- Super Pumped: about Uber and the dirty tactics they employed to stay ahead, also touches on the toxic culture that was propagated there
- Money Men: about the criminal enterprise around Wirecard, hard to keep up with at times due to the focus on the FT investigation rather than the fraud but interesting anyway
Finance-focused:
- Barbarians at the Gate: a classic about the attempted takeover of RJR Nabisco (oreos and tobacco) by management and early PE firms, told from first hand accounts
- Too Big Too Fail: similar in form to Barbarians but instead focused on the 08 collapse and the attempts by the government to save all the irresponsible banks, told in too much of a sympathetic way for me but interesting to see how things happened behind the scenes
- All the Devils Are Here: on the other hand a very unsympathetic look into the 08 crisis, by the same authors as Smartest Guys in the Room
Other:
- The Smartest Guys in the Room: my favourite of them all, tells the story of Enron and their rise and incredible fall, basically a foundational text on how to do a financial crime (and not get away with it)
- Chip War: very relevant look into the production of computer chips, highlights the reliance on only a few companies and the incredible costs involved
- Empire of Pain: also a favourite, goes into the Sackler family and how they built Perdue Pharma and then proceeded to cause the devastating opioid epidemic
- The Power Broker: a classic about Robert Moses who basically built half of New York at the expense of marginalised residents, it's very long so I'd recommend reading/listening along with the 99% invisible breakdown
I've not read Character Limit so have added that to my "To Read" pile!
- Yeah, it is really unfortunate because, like, personally, I think there are a lot of very genuine, very good ethical, social, economic, and material arguments to be made against AI and then dragging their heels on this one transparently ideologically motivated and wrong criticism is just detracting from their credibility, distracting their messaging, and draining their time. And to be clear for me, like, I actually think, yeah, it would be good to have more books written about this, but Empire of AI is actually a pretty good book overall. This stuff it talks about with reinforcement learning workers and the weird bizarre fucked up culture of open AI and stuff are pretty good.
On the other hand, I think Emile P Torres and Timnit Gebru are ideologues that really shouldn't be listened to.
