
Offering material on game theory and strategic behaviour, this microeconomics textbook has added chapters on game applications, systems competition, information technology and auctions.
If your math is adequate to the task (basic calculus) I suggest you check out an intermediate microeconomics textbook like Varian’s or McCloskey’s[1]. Macroeconomics is less firmly anchored but it too is very far from theology.
[1] Full text of The Applied Theory of Price
If you’re only going to read one microeconomics textbook read Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics if you can do calculus. If you can’t Cowen and Tabarrok’s Principles is pretty good and has a load of wonderful accompanying videos.
Comparative Advantage
https://www.mruniversity.com/courses/development-economics/c...
Reducing taxes does cause people to work more. Whether it results in more revenue for the state depends on how much income tax was before and after the change. Elasticity of labour supply is not constant over all tax rates.
I know people like to crap on the Laffer curve but they crap on it because it's trivial if you have the barest knowledge of economics, not because it's false.
Macroeconomics is closer to the morass you describe but it still accumulates truth, if possibly depressingly slowly and with thirty year periods of regress. Microeconomics is on much firmer ground, in large part because they have more data and it's easier to accumulate it.
If you want a very readable introduction to price theory, which is a large part of microeconomics check out "Hidden Order" by David D. Friedman. It's based on his Price Theory textbook but rewritten for interest and readability. If you want something a bit more mathematically sophisticated, (basic calculus) look at Intermediate Microeconomics, Hal Varian.
If you are interested in microeconomics for the sake of understanding something more about the (economic) world, ignore the math/simplistic models at first and try to grasp the theoretical concepts and, more importantly, the ideological/epistemological concepts behind microeconomics as a sub-discipline. Understanding the assumptions behind microeconomics (i.e. the idea of a fully rational human being) will probably give you something to think about.
Besides the sources already mentioned (especially Khan Academy), I can recommend Jodi Beggs (http://www.economistsdoitwithmodels.com) video series.
Varian, 'Intermediate Microeconomics' Luenberger, 'Investment Science' Wooldridge, 'Introductory Econometrics'
for the undergraduate background and then at the graduate level Jehle and Renyi for microeconomics, Duffie for asset pricing theory, Tirole for corporate finance and Campbell, Lo and Macinlay for econometrics.
Mostly Harmless Econometrics - Angrist and Krueger
Principles of microeconomics - Mankiw (beginner)
Intermediate microeconomics - Varian (intermediate)
You also want to cover finance and time series - I don't know what would be good there.