
However, if you're masochist enough to actually implement any of the algorithms, Golub & van Loan is a great reference. (Though, you really shouldn't implement it yourself except for didactic purposes - just use LAPACK/BLAS, which has been debugged for decades, and deals with all the special cases you're ignoring (underflow/overflow/nans/zeros/infs/...))
EDIT: Oh, and there's the excellent Numerical Linear Algebra by Trefethen and Bau, as kxyvr mentions.
EDIT EDIT: Funny, on amazon the top reviews for both books mentioned above are identical. Seems like I'm not the only one having trouble keeping them apart... :-) (Demmel is more of an introduction, FWIW)
The oddball Russian books look very interesting, but for a computer guy to learn, I'd suggest Strang, then Trefethen & Bau (my favorite). If there is anything else worth knowing about numeric linear algebra it is in Gollub, or Demmel's applied numerical linear algebra (another unforgivable omission; he only helped write LAPACK!).
The problem books can also be important; they're all pretty good if you pick the problems right.
Not sure the highly theoretical stuff is actually worth anything as far as getting things done, unless you go on to study Algebra and mathematics in general. Ultimately the "real world" stuff where linear algebra is studied as systems of equations and geometric constructs is going to be closest to what you actually do with linear algebra on a computer.
Numerical linear algebra has a long and vast history. You really do need specialized information that your undergrad linear algebra classes would not have imparted.
For instance, the condition number is important: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condition_number
This is really good book.
It contains various topics from basic linear algebra (like solving systems with LR factorization) to solving (partial) differential equations with linear algebra. It also tells you where each method applicable (like, "you can use that if this, but that one method works almost everywhere you could need, except that it is much more expensive").
PS Russian translation of that book quickly became a rarity.