
My two takes for a good historic understanding of economics are this Books: Economics of Good and Evil, Tomáš Sedláček https://www.amazon.com/Economics-Good-Evil-Economic-Gilgames...
and Schwarzbuch Kapitalismus, Robert Kurz (could't find a English Version) https://www.amazon.com/Schwarzbuch-Kapitalismus-Ein-Abgesang...
The allocation of scarce ressources did neither begin with capitalism nor economics. Many formal descriptions of foundational economic principles can (edit: be traced back to) ancient Mythology [1]. How societies applied these principles has differed greatly. Trade has been an important factor of human behavior since the dawns of civilization. In a framework of linear progress one might be tempted to search for deterministic laws in human behavior, but it might make more sense to just interpret phenomena case-by-case with a rather loose set of theoretical beliefs.
[1] Tomas Sedlacek - Economics of Good and Evil
