
1) Discovering Modern C++: An Intensive Course for Scientists, Engineers, and Programmers by Peter Gottschling - Not too thick and focuses on how to program in the language.
2) Software Architecture with C++: Design modern systems using effective architecture concepts, design patterns, and techniques with C++20 by Adrian Ostrowski et al. - Shows how to use C++ in the modern way/ecosystems i.e. with CI/CD, Microservices etc.
Optional but highly recommended;
a) Scientific and Engineering C++: An Introduction with Advanced Techniques and Examples by Barton & Nackman - Old pre-Modern C++ book which pioneered many of the techniques which have now become common. One of the best for learning C++ design.
* The C++ Programming Language, 4th edition by Bjarne Stroustrup - The biggest change in the language was the introduction of C++11 and this book covers it well.
* A Tour of C++, 3rd edition by Bjarne Stroustrup - Summary of all changes upto C++20.
* Software Architecture with C++: Design modern systems using effective architecture concepts, design patterns, and techniques with C++20 by Adrian Ostrowski et.al. - More like a broad survey rather than in-depth but covers development in a "modern ecosystem".
* Modern C++ Programming Cookbook: Master C++ core language and standard library features, with over 100 recipes, updated to C++20, 2nd Edition by Marius Bancila - A series of articles one each for a language feature.
"Effective Modern C++: 42 Specific Ways to Improve Your Use of C++11 and C++14" https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Modern-Specific-Ways-Improv...
"Discovering Modern C++: An Intensive Course for Scientists, Engineers, and Programmers (C++ In-Depth Series)" https://www.amazon.com/Discovering-Modern-Scientists-Program...
Additionally while traditional and more detailed books already posted here I'll just add one I personally liked: Discovering Modern C++ by Peter Gottschling. It's had exactly information I would expect be needed for person who already have reasonable experience in programming, but want short introduction into C++.
Disclaimer: I'm certainly not someone you can call experienced C++ programmer since I just developing and manage open source project for 3+ years. So take my opinion with a grain of salt.
Also I've found some of the talks from JUCE Summit to be quite insightful.