
A landmark text from acclaimed mathematician Michael Spivak, Physics for Mathematicians, Mechanics I presents a unique and rigorous treatment of classical mechanics, designed for those who view physics as a branch of mathematics. Departing from the traditional physics textbook, this masterful work rebuilds the foundations of mechanics from a purely mathematical perspective. Spivak's renowned clarity and uncompromising style are on full display as he introduces the fundamental concepts of Newtonian mechanics before seamlessly transitioning to the more abstract and powerful frameworks of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. The text is distinguished by its sophisticated use of modern mathematics, including differential geometry, to provide a deeper and more elegant understanding of physical principles. It is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers in mathematics who wish to understand the formal structure of mechanics, as well as for theoretical physicists seeking a mathematically sound foundation for their discipline. Volume I establishes the groundwork for this monumental series, offering an unparalleled exploration of the logical architecture that underpins the physical world. For anyone serious about the mathematical foundations of physics, this book is indispensable.
https://archive.org/details/physics-for-mathematicians-mecha...
It's a very interesting take on classical mechanics.
This is a superb bit of pedagogy, despite the medium, thus the submission here. It does essentially require you understand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_notation and/or basis-independent abstract index notation, however. The "Physics for Mathematicians" work discussed on HN recently at <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39305931> has an excellent crash course at <https://nicf.net/articles/general-relativity/#abstract-index...>.
It's important to note the poll/quiz question's requirement that "the distance between the rockets in the initial rest frame remains constant", which is reflected in the Minkowski spacetime diagrams in the thread. The author's treatment does not fix other distances.
This is discussed at greater length and in a variety of different ways (all with the same outcome) at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_spaceship_paradox
In the spirit of SICP, I also like Spivak's less conventional Physics for Mathematicians [2], but, as the title suggests, this assumes more, or at least different, mathematical prerequisites than most introductory mechanics texts. "Strong undergraduate maths background — at least one course each in linear algebra and differential equations, say, or equivalent self-study — with a bit of motivated extracurricular work in differential geometry" sounds about right, but here I'm basically just describing my own background when approaching the book, so YMMV.
[1] https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/flptapes.html
[2] https://archive.org/details/physics-for-mathematicians-mecha...