
In the pictures in the article, the roads form berms, and the fields are basins. It doesn't just have to be roads -- walkways threading through a smaller scale can act as berms as well. The two volume book contains many other water harvesting structures.
As a note, Andrew Millison has a youtube video about a river system that was developed in India over the course of centuries -- deliberately engineering a delta, with flood channels. They basically did what beavers have been doing in North America (slowing down and spreading out water) for ... longer than we humans have been around.
These ideas are not new. They have been around for a long time. It's not that we found new ways to progress, but rather, rediscovering old methods that had been dropped in our rush for modernity.
A good example of a similar project in India, as covered by Andrew Millison: https://youtu.be/jDMnbeW3F8A
Sepp Holzer did a similar project in Portugal: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUryneCjxV4 ...I believe he also did some pretty large projects in the middle east, but I can't find any vids on them at the moment.
Geoff Lawton has done a ton of projects like this, but maybe not at the landscape wide scales like the projects above.
Probably the best book on the basic principles of how to do it - Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond by Brad Lancaster. Also the book Water For Every Farm by P.A. Yeomans is pretty good as well, but not as accessible of a read.
TLDR - To keep desert monsoons from flooding areas downstream, dig a landscape wide network of swales and basins to catch, soak and sink the water into the soil. Properly dug, such earthworks recharge aquifers while stopping flooding and erosion.
Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond - https://www.harvestingrainwater.com/