
One of the most cited books in physics of all time, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information remains the best textbook in this exciting field of science. This 10th anniversary edition includes an introduction from the authors setting the work in context. This comprehensive textbook describes such remarkable effects as fast quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum error-correction. Quantum mechanics and computer science are introduced before moving on to describe what a quantum computer is, how it can be used to solve problems faster than 'classical' computers and its real-world implementation. It concludes with an in-depth treatment of quantum information. Containing a wealth of figures and exercises, this well-known textbook is ideal for courses on the subject, and will interest beginning graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and electrical engineering.
General advice take a look at the references in works you've recently read and look for lower level topics that interest you, after repeating a few times you'll find your way to physics or chemistry and you can use the above as reference works. The best resource is the one you actually use. If https://www.youtube.com/learning works better for you then use it.
2) The physics/architecture/organization depends heavily on the type of computer being discussed. In classical computing, one "type" of computer has won the arms race. This is not yet the case for quantum computers, there are several different physical processes through which people are trying to generate computation, trapped ions, superconducting qubits, photonics, quantum dots, neutral atoms, etc.
3) There are several ways that you can simulate quantum computation on classical hardware, perhaps the most common would be through something like IBM's Qiskit, where you can keep track of the degrees of freedom of the quantum computer throughout the computation, and apply quantum logic gates in circuits. Another, more complicated method, would be something like tensor network simulations, which are efficient classical simulators of a restricted subset of quantum states.
4) In terms of research, one particularly interesting (although I'm biased by working in the field) application is quantum algorithms for nuclear/high energy physics. Classical methods (Lattice QCD) suffer from extreme computational drawbacks (factorial scaling in the number of quarks, NP-Hard Monte Carlo sign problems), and one potential way around this is using quantum computers to simulate nuclear systems instead of classical computers ("The best model of a cat is another cat, the best model of a quantum system is another quantum system")
If you're interested in learning more about QC, I would highly recommend looking at Nielsen and Chuang's "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information", it's essentially the standard primer on the world of quantum computation.
More mathy: A. Yu. Kitaev, A. H. Shen, M. N. Vyalyi, "Classical and Quantum Computation"
A killer app: Peter Shor, "Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer"
Some course notes: https://math.mit.edu/~shor/435-LN/
There's an "Intro to Quantum Mechanics" section that covers what's strictly necessary to understand quantum algorithms.
For lectures, John Preskill's lectures from the Quantum Computation course at CalTech: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0ojjrEqIyPy-1RRD8cTD_lF1...