
Understanding calculus is vital to the creative applications of mathematics in numerous areas. This text focuses on the most widely used applications of mathematical methods, including those related to other important fields such as probability and statistics. The four-part treatment begins with algebra and analytic geometry and proceeds to an exploration of the calculus of algebraic functions and transcendental functions and applications. In addition to three helpful appendixes, the text features answers to some of the exercises. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it is also a practical reference for professionals. 1985 edition. 310 figures. 18 tables.
1) Calculus: Basic Concepts for High Schools by Lev Tarasov. Soviet-era book written as a dialogue between the author and reader. Absolutely fantastic (also see his other books on Probability etc.) - https://mirtitles.org/2018/09/04/calculus-basic-concepts-for...
2) Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach by Morris Kline. A classic; any book by Morris Kline is a must-have - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486404530
3) Calculus: The Princess of Mathematics by H.C.Verma et al. A two-vol must-have affordable set. The author is a well-known Indian Physics professor and this is written specifically for students to "understand" calculus i.e. it is not a typical textbook. - https://garudalife.in/calculus-the-princess-of-mathematics-v...
4) How to Think about Analysis by Lara Alcock. Provides conceptual insight like the Tarasov book above. Checkout the author's other books too. - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/how-to-think-about-a...
I believe we need to study Calculus alongside Probability/Statistics nowadays due to their pervasive use in ML/AI/etc. To that end;
a) Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics by Richard Hamming. It is by Hamming so one of the best. - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486439457?_...
b) Calculus and Statistics by Michael Gemignani. Similar to the above - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486449937
* For an introduction (and a reference) to various areas of Modern Mathematics that one didn't even know existed, The Princeton Companion to Mathematics and The Princeton Companion to Applied Mathematics are a must.
* All the Math You Missed: (But Need to Know for Graduate School) by Thomas Garrity - A survey and a good adjunct to a textbook.
* Mathematics: Its Content, Methods and Meaning by Kolmogorov et al. - Classic text from the great Russian Mathematicians.
* Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics by Richard Hamming - Unique text from the great Richard Hamming (also checkout his other books).
There is plenty more of course, specifically; checkout "Dover Publications" texts, many of which are classics and affordable.
Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers (1962)
Introduction To Applied Numerical Analysis (1971)
Digital Filters (1977)
Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)
In particular; Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics is one of a kind.
For the OP; there is also The Art Of Probability by Richard Hamming which you might find interesting.
And finally of course everybody needs to read; The Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn by Richard Hamming.