
1) Calculus: Basic Concepts for High Schools by Lev Tarasov. Soviet-era book written as a dialogue between the author and reader. Absolutely fantastic (also see his other books on Probability etc.) - https://mirtitles.org/2018/09/04/calculus-basic-concepts-for...
2) Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach by Morris Kline. A classic; any book by Morris Kline is a must-have - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486404530
3) Calculus: The Princess of Mathematics by H.C.Verma et al. A two-vol must-have affordable set. The author is a well-known Indian Physics professor and this is written specifically for students to "understand" calculus i.e. it is not a typical textbook. - https://garudalife.in/calculus-the-princess-of-mathematics-v...
4) How to Think about Analysis by Lara Alcock. Provides conceptual insight like the Tarasov book above. Checkout the author's other books too. - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/how-to-think-about-a...
I believe we need to study Calculus alongside Probability/Statistics nowadays due to their pervasive use in ML/AI/etc. To that end;
a) Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics by Richard Hamming. It is by Hamming so one of the best. - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486439457?_...
b) Calculus and Statistics by Michael Gemignani. Similar to the above - https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486449937
How to prove it - I like the reduction of proofs to mechanical symbol pushing. Good exercise difficulty for self study, good notation.
I also liked some parts of the traditional calculus book. I read a lot of it. It’s pretty good considering literally everyone takes the class with the book. I would never use this for self study, but I enjoyed it during class.
Mathematics for physicists books provide a good overview of math topics. Haven’t really done any exercises though.
- Concepts of Modern Mathematics - https://www.amazon.com/Concepts-Modern-Mathematics-Dover-Boo...
- Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics - https://www.amazon.com/Methods-Mathematics-Calculus-Probabil... (all books by Richard Hamming are recommended)
- Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach - https://www.amazon.com/Calculus-Intuitive-Physical-Approach-...
For a Textbook reference, the following are quite good;
- Mathematical Techniques: An Introduction for the Engineering, Physical, and Mathematical Sciences - https://www.amazon.com/Mathematical-Techniques-Introduction-... (easy to read and succinct)
- Mathematics for Physicists: Introductory Concepts and Methods - https://www.amazon.com/Mathematics-Physicists-Introductory-C...
For General reading (all these authors other books are also worth checking out);
- Mathematics, Queen and Servant of Science - https://www.amazon.com/Mathematics-Queen-Servant-Science-Tem...
- Mathematics and the Physical World - https://www.amazon.com/Mathematics-Physical-World-Dover-Book...
- Mathematician's Delight - https://www.amazon.com/Mathematicians-Delight-Dover-Books-Ma...
I never really studied physics, but I found the first books from the "Feynman lectures on Physics" to be very good.