Scripting OS X

"bash, obviously for scripting;"

It's possible to use bash for both interactive use and scripting. For example, this author claims to use bash as his scripting shell.

But Debian and the popular Debian-derived distributions do not use bash for scripts beginning with "#!/bin/sh", i.e., "shell scripts".

The interactive shell may be bash, but the scripting shell, /bin/sh, is not bash.

https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/dash.1.html

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dash

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/shell-scripting-expert/9781118166321/c11-anchor-7.xhtml ^1

https://www.baeldung.com/linux/dash-vs-bash-performance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell

https://lwn.net/Articles/343924/

https://scriptingosx.com/2020/06/about-bash-zsh-sh-and-dash-in-macos-catalina-and-beyond/ ^2

I use an Almquist shell, not bash, for both interactive use and scripting. I often write scripts interactively. I use the same scripts on Linux and BSD. I restored tabcomplete and the fc builtin to dash so it feels more like the shell from which it was derived: NetBSD sh.

1. "This makes it smaller, lighter and faster than bash."

2. "... this is strong indicator that Apple eventually wants to use dash as the interpreter for sh scripts."

> bash was written a decade prior to standardization, and has interesting issues because of this.

bash can do whatever it wants to do if it's called as "bash". But it should only do specific things when called as "sh". This is true of any shell:

> When interpreted with dash instead of bash, the same script will fail. This is because dash is much stricter than bash in following the sh standard. Since dash is designed as a minimal implementation of the sh standard, it has to be stricter. The double brackets [[ … ]] are a ‘bashism,’ or a feature only available in bash and other, later shells such as ksh and zsh.

> Even though zsh also interprets most of these bashisms, zsh in sh compatibility mode is also stricter than bash and will error.

* https://scriptingosx.com/2020/06/about-bash-zsh-sh-and-dash-in-macos-catalina-and-beyond/

* https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Invocation.html#Compatibility

POSIX.2: Shell and Utilities (IEEE Std 1003.2-1992) is a few decades old now: regardless of when bash development started, I would think that by the 2010s it would have managed to better compartmentalize compatibility and extensions.

This error occurs on default macOS when using software precompiled on another computer, when the person who compiled and released that software has not signed up for an Apple Developer account and submitted the precompiled bundle for notarization, one of Apple's anti-malware prevention mechanisms.

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/notarizing_macos_software_before_distribution

You can usually work around it by right-clicking the app and choosing Open, which usually triggers a special approval dialog. You should generally use caution when doing so, as you're granting an arbitrary binary whose contents you are unlikely to verify access to your private data.

ps. Developers, automating this process as part of your releasing is relatively easy, assuming you have a paid Developer account. The shell script at this link is accompanied by a clear walkthrough, and can be adapted to most workflows run locally on a machine containing your signing keypair. (And if your precompiled binary or bundle was not built with Xcode, you would skip the “xcodebuild” step.)

https://scriptingosx.com/2019/09/notarize-a-command-line-tool/

In ten years everything will be the same because Andreas Wendker told us that Macs will stay Macs the way we know and love them. He’s neither in marketing nor in sales but an engineer so obviously what he says must be the truth, to put it sarcastically.

«Macs will stay Macs the way you know and love them. They will run the same powerful Pro apps. They will offer the same developer APIs Macs have today. They will let users create multiple volumes on disks with different operating system versions and they will let users boot from external drives. They will support drivers for peripherals and they will be amazing UNIX machines for developers and the scientific community that can run any software they like.»

Source: https://scriptingosx.com/2020/06/macos-11/