Skip to content
HomeVideosBooksBlogs
AllTop postsTopics
Podcasts
HistoryListsWatch laterLiked videosFollowing

The videos, books, blogs and podcasts Hacker News keeps recommending, all in one place.

VideosBooksBlogsPodcastsAboutPrivacySettings

Data from Hacker News, HackerTube, HackerBooks, HackerBlogs and Open Library. Credits · Not affiliated with Y Combinator.

HomeVideosBooksBlogsPodcasts
Ctrl K
    B

    Ben Tilly

    elem.com/~btilly · Personal blog · on HN since 2009

    Ben Tilly, a programmer, hosts personal pages on A/B testing methods, the Kelly criterion and statistical tools.

    Visit blogHN submissions
    MathData & VisualizationFinance & Investing
    What HN says

    HN commenters call his Effective A/B Testing presentation their go-to reference and point to his Kelly criterion page for the multiple-bet case.

    Stats for nerds
    20HN people shared it
    12linked in comments
    267story points
    Jun 2018last shared
    2012people per year2018

    Top posts on HN

    1. 1
      A/B Testing Rigorously (without losing your job)
      5 people · 92 points · first shared 2013 · 48 comments on HN
    2. 2
      Kelly Criterion in detail
      4 people · 70 points · first shared 2010 · 8 comments on HN
    3. 3
      Ben Tilly: Effective A/B Testing
      12 people · 53 points · first shared 2009 · 5 comments on HN
    4. 4
      A/B Testing With Limited Data
      2 people · 52 points · first shared 2013 · 20 comments on HN
    5. 5
      G test calculator
      4 people · first shared 2010
    6. 6
      Kelly criterion
      1 person · first shared 2009
    7. 7
      Index
      1 person · first shared 2013
    8. 8
      BenTilly.pdf
      1 person · first shared 2009
    9. 9
      Boxes solution
      1 person · first shared 2009
    10. 10
      Betting returns
      1 person · first shared 2009

    What HN people wrote when they linked it

    • paulddraperJan 2017

      First, Google Analytics (for example) runs content experiments for a minimum of two weeks regardless of results. It's hardly an unrealistic timeframe for reliable conclusions.

      > What practical benefit do you see to this approach?

      Statistically rigorous results, with minimal regret.

      In your example, you reach the end of the week, and your 50/50 split has one-sided p=0.10, double the usual p<0.05 criteria. What do you do?

      (a) Call it in favor of B, despite being uncertain about the outcome.
      (b) Keep running the test. This compromises the statistical rigor of your test.
      (c) Keep running the test, but use sequential hypothesis testing, e.g. http://elem.com/~btilly/ab-testing-multiple-looks/part1-rigorous.html This significantly increases the time to reach a conclusion, and costs you conversions in the meantime.

      (a) and (b) are the most popular choices, despite them being statistically unjustifiable. http://www.evanmiller.org/how-not-to-run-an-ab-test.html

      ---

      The essential difference when choosing the approach is that 50/50 split optimizes for shortest time to conclusion, and multi-bandit optimizes for fewest failures.

      In web A/B testing, the latter is usually the most applicable, and for that, you cannot beat Thompson sampling on the average, no matter how diabolically clever your scheme. https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/2016/10/20/the-fatal-flaw-of-ab-tests-peeking/

      There are times when the former is more important, e.g. marketing wants to know how to brand a product…

    • yummyfajitasMay 2014

      By the way, if you're a regular-ol'-geek and wondering "I wonder if writing about technical topics could help me career-wise", the answer is "Absolutely yes."

      This is so true. I think the bulk of my consulting work comes to me via my blog - I've put basically no effort into seeking it out. A conversation which happens with some regularity:

      Bossish person: "We are having trouble with $MATHY_STUFF. Do we know anyone who can help us with it?"

      Codeish person: "I've been following these tutorials on chrisstucchio.com..."

      I'll disagree with patrick a bit about "a visual identity distinct..." and formatting, at least for people who never touch the frontend. The people looking for you probably don't care that much.

      Here are some fugly blogs of people you'd almost certainly hire:

      http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2008/08/21/random-inequalities-v-beta-distributions/
      http://www.stephendiehl.com/posts.html
      http://elem.com/~btilly/ab-testing-multiple-looks/part1-rigorous.html

      That said, dropping $1000 on some pretty visual design probably can't hurt.

    • ajraJun 2018

      Awesome project, I love the use of TrueSkill Through Time here! Really interesting that it beats out Elo as well.

      FiveThirtyEight actually posted their WC predictions earlier today [1]. Finding where the two models diverge is a fun exercise -- they have Morocco as a 40% favorite tomorrow while your model has Iran as a 46% favorite.

      It would be interesting to test the model by applying the Kelly Criterion [2] when you have an odds advantage to a fake initial $1000 bankroll and seeing where you end up at the end of the tournament.

      If Iran does end up being a 46% favorite tomorrow then that Kelly test will start to look really good, really quickly - the market is only giving Iran a ~25% chance right now!

      [1] https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2018-world-cup-predictions/matches/

      [2] http://www.elem.com/~btilly/kelly-criterion/ for the background, http://www.albionresearch.com/kelly/ for a useful calculator

    • mefApr 2012

      Thanks for this great article.

      Both this article and Effective A/B Testing (http://elem.com/~btilly/effective-ab-testing/ slide 51) say changing the proportions mid-test is bad. Can anyone elaborate on why this might be?

      For example, if I'm randomly showing my existing landing page or a new landing page to visitors at a 2/3-1/3 split and measuring CTR to the signup page, and I change the proportion to 1/2-1/2, why would that skew results?

    • btillyOct 2013

      This is a good article. However if anyone is interested in following it, they should know that when there are multiple bets available, the simple Kelly criterion falls apart.

      See http://www.elem.com/~btilly/kelly-criterion/ for a much fuller explanation of the result, and why it is true. (I keep meaning to automatically optimize the multiple bet version of it.)

    • bryanhMay 2013

      Great tools!

      My goto reference is still the wonderful btilly presentation about how to A/B test properly, with nice examples and code snippets: http://elem.com/~btilly/effective-ab-testing/

      He provided a full on javascript tool that isn't as polished but works great: http://elem.com/~btilly/effective-ab-testing/g-test-calculator.html

    Related

    Chris Stucchiochrisstucchio.com162 people

    Don't use Hadoop when your data isn't that big

    Chris Stucchio
    Personal · last shared 2024
    Steve Hanovstevehanov.ca106 people

    20 lines of code that beat A/B testing every time

    Steve Hanov
    Personal · last shared 2026
    Aphyraphyr.com551 people

    Hexing the technical interview (2017)

    Aphyr
    Personal · last shared 2026
    Chris Saidchris-said.io21 people

    Optimizing things in the USSR (2016)

    Chris Said
    Personal · last shared 2026
    Thumbtack Engineeringthumbtack.com48 people

    A primer on Python decorators

    Thumbtack Engineering
    Company · last shared 2019
    Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Sciencestatmodeling.stat.columbia.edu350 people

    Suspicious data pattern in recent Venezuelan election

    Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science
    Publication · last shared 2026
    Rob Coneryrob.conery.io50 people

    RethinkDB 2.0 is amazing

    Rob Conery
    Personal · last shared 2021
    Ben Fredericksonbenfrederickson.com46 people

    GitHub Won’t Help You with Hiring

    Ben Frederickson
    Personal · last shared 2026